1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost
4.proportion/ percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与
6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于，考虑到，尽管
7.fortune/ destiny/ chances
8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit
9.complex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的
10.capacity能力，容量/ competence (竞争)能力/ ability 能力(笼统的)
11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金
12.solely/ merely/ only
13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列 of
14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人
15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose
16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 + ment =right (权利)
17.purchase/ buy
18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的 + s =[n ]
19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit
22. circumstance 环境(社会 )/ surroundings/ environment 环境( 环保 )背景 background 后台 / settings后台，布景/ context 上下文( 文章中 )
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的>
24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant
25.兴旺，繁荣;prosperous/ thriving/ booming(人口，行业)/flourishing
26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred
27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)
28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal
29.类似于：look like/ resemble
30.chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的
31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love
32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend
上网(聊天)chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧
33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及
34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测
35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray
36. therapist /expert/ specialist
37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length
38. commonest/ frequent
39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped
40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下
41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify
42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率
43.clash 冲突(民族，种族)/crash 飞机坠毁
44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace
45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性
46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热(体)
47.缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback
48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary
易错拼写：environment/ convenient
49.neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的
50.ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure
51.communicate 沟通，传达，通报
52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠
53.commitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务
54.contribute to 导致 ~ result in /account for (占据)导致
54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)
55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on
明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ obviously=>evidently
56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)
57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw
58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous
59.机构，组织：association/ structure /organization
60.超过：exceed/ surpass
61.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma
62.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/ 双语
63.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species
breed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成
64.dialect 方言 accent 腔调
65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动->initiative原创性= origin
66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished( 被剥夺财产的)
67.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual
68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩
69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/ therapist
70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction 归纳
71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing
72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于
73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary
74.a factor in sth/ depend on sth
75.be preferred by/ choice
76.attitude to/ how
77.the present century/ modern society
78.broad/ great
