定语从句例句顺口溜解析,相信大家看完了上篇的定语从句顺口溜,也是收获满满,当然也不排除有的考生没有完全理解意思,那么接下来就在本文中看看定语从句例句顺口溜解析吧。
1. 定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;
定语从句分为两大类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,区分它们有两个标准:1)从内容上看,限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,去掉后意思就不完整了;非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。2)从形式上看,限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句: The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性)
The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the field.(非限制性)
解析:句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定语从句,没有逗号,不那去掉,否则意思不完整。
定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜; 例句:
1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 有人要和你讲话。
2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands. 那些赞成计划的举起了手。
3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
解析:例句中somebody 、those 是代词,novel 是名词,是被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词,可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类。
定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系;
定语从句都在先行词之后,连接定从和先行词的词,叫做关系词。关系词有两类:关系代词和关系副词。关系词要注意两点:
1)它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词
2)关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分。
例句 1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男生们是一班的。
解析:who =boys , 在定语从句中做主语,所以其后谓语用are 。
例句 2) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。
解析:which=game, 在定语从句中做主语。
例句 3)I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 我仍然还记得次到学校的那一天。
解析:when 是关系副词=on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语。
例句 4)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 十年前我居住的房子已经被拆了。
解析:where 是关系副词=in the house, 在定语从句中做地点状语。
例句 5)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。
解析:why 是关系副词=for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语。
2. 关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破;
六个关系代词是:that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as , 注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。 which 表物人用who, 人物都有that 顾;
先行词是物,关系代词用which ,也可以用that; 先行词是人,关系代词用who, 也可以用that; 先行词中既有人,又有物,关系代词只能用that 。
例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的那个山村。
解析:先行词mountain village 是物,可用which 或that, 因为定语从句中visit 后缺宾语,说明which 或that 应该在定从中做宾语,所以还可以省略。
例句 2)The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。
解析:先行词man 表人,关系词可以用who/that/whom,因为定语从句中缺宾语,关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语,所以可以省略;另外,whom 是专门用来做宾语用的,而who 则只是在口语中才用。
例句 3)This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history. 这本杂志是我们历史老师的。
解析:先行词teacher 是人,关系代词用who 或that, 因为在定语从句中做主语,所以不能省略。
例句 4)He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited. 他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。
解析:先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有人又有物,关系代词只能用 that, 又因为that 在定语从句中做宾语,所以又可以省略。
which 用在逗号后,意表前句你要know;
这是which 用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。
例句1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
解析:which 是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:他似乎没抓住我的意思。
例句2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
解析:which 是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:液态水变为蒸汽。 who 做主语很称职,whom 用到宾语里;
先行词是表示人的词,定语从句中如果缺主语,要用who 做关系代词,如果缺宾语,正规场合下用whom, 口语中也可以用who 。
例句 1)He is the boy who often goes to school late. 他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。
解析:先行词the boy 指人,后面的定语从句中缺少主语,因此用关系代词who 。
例句 2)She is the old woman whom I saw this morning. 她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太。
解析:先行词the old woman指人,后面的定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用whom, 口语中也可以用who 。
3.that 用法真有趣, 两个地方它不去; 逗号后边它不去, 介词之后不考虑;
That 做为关系代词,不可用在非限制性定语从句中,即不可用在逗号后边;定语从句中介词之后也不可使用。在逗号或介词后,指物时用which, 指人时用who 或whom 。
例句1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that
解析:在介词of 之后指物,选择C which。
例句 2)The engineer with _____my father works is about 50 years old. A. whose B. who C. which D. whom
解析:选择 D whom。介词后指人。
例句 3)The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who
解析:选择 D who。逗号后指人,在定语从句中做主语。
4.That which代表物,区别听我来叙述; 先行若是不定代,that 就把which 踹;
当先行词为anything ,everything ,nothing ,all ,any ,much ,many ,one 等不定代词时,只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。
例:Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗? 先行词前有两数, 就用that 定无误;
当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时,只能使用“that”,不用 “which”。
例句: That is the second time that I have been to Japan. 那是我去日本的第二次。 The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week. 坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。 先行词前最, 还用that 必无疑;
当先行词是形容词最或被形容词最修饰时,只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。 例句:This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。
句中若有there be, that应把which 替;
例:There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters. 说动物拥有神秘的第六感,可以预知自然灾害,这是没有根据的。 先行主中做表语, 避免重复从句里;
例句:1)This is not the hospital that it used to be. 这已经不再是以前那座医院了。
2)Mr Thomson is not the man that he was. 汤姆森先生已经不再是以前的他了。
解析:定语从句的先行词均在主句中做表语。 例句:Which is the course that we are to take ? 我们要学哪门课?
解析:句中已有which, 后面不再用which, 避免重复用that 。 (Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that; )
先行词前有Just 、the only、 very 、same 、last 等词,关系代词用that ,不用which 。 例句:1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears. 北极是能见到北极熊的地方。 2)This is the same bike that he lost. 这就是他丢了的那辆自行车。 注意区分:
3) This is the same bike as he lost. 这辆自行车和他丢的那辆一样。(但不是)
5. 指人可用that who, 以下情况多用who; Those people做先行,There be的结构中; 例句:
1) Those who are for the plan, please raise your hands. 赞成计划的人请举手。
2) People who create computer viruses are called hackers. 制造电脑病毒的人被称为黑客。
3) There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to play games every night. 曾经有一个小男孩每天晚上都来网吧玩游戏。 先行指人不定代,从中做主who 要在;
先行词是指人的不定代词,如 one 、someone 、anyone 、nobody 等词,或指人的关系代词在定语从句中做主语,要用who, 而不用that 。 例句:
1)Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you. 懂得一点科学知识的人都不会相信你的话。
解析:nobody 是指人的不定代词,用who, 不用that 。
2)The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car. 那个装扮成经理的贼在偷车时被当场抓获。 解析:who 指人,在定语从句中做主语。 两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才;
一个先行词有两个定语从句时,关系代词要避免重复使用。
A plant that can cure diseases, which was known by the ancient Chinese , is called Chinese herbal medicine. 一种能够治病的,被古代中国人所熟知的植物,叫做中药。
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